Effect of Dietary Macronutrient Composition
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Obesity Weight Loss, Endocrine, Gastrointestinal, Gastrointestinal |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Gastroenterology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 20 - 65 |
| Updated: | 2/8/2019 |
| Start Date: | September 1, 2007 |
| End Date: | December 31, 2013 |
Effect of Dietary Macronutrient Composition on Liver Substrate Metabolism
The purpose of this study is to understand why Hispanics who are overweight have a higher
incidence of fatty liver disease.
incidence of fatty liver disease.
Obesity is a major factor driving the increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the US.
However, little is known regarding the relationship between dietary intake and hepatic fat
deposition or about the factors that promote loss of hepatic steatosis. Here, the
investigators will determine how differences in dietary composition affect the development
and regression of fatty liver. The investigators hypothesize that Hispanic subjects with
metabolic syndrome will have higher liver fat synthesis rates compared to African American
subjects.
Using detailed in vivo, serial measurements of fuel metabolism (GC/MS and NMR) fatty acid
metabolism will be measured in the liver and periphery. This will be the first study in which
these two methodologies are used together to assess both glucose and fatty acid metabolism in
the same subjects. Subjects will be tested before and after a dietary weight-loss
intervention producing 6% body weight loss over 5 months.
The specific aims are as follows:
AIM 1: Determine the contribution of peripheral and dietary fat to liver-TG in Hispanics and
African Americans with metabolic syndrome.
Hypothesis: De novo lipogenesis will contribute to liver-TG in greater quantities compared to
African Americans.
AIM 2: Determine the effects of low-CHO and low-fat diets on liver fat regression.
Hypothesis: Compared to a low-fat diet, a low-CHO diet will markedly decrease markers of
inflammation coincident with greater improvements in insulin sensitivity as assessed by an
intravenous glucose tolerance test.
However, little is known regarding the relationship between dietary intake and hepatic fat
deposition or about the factors that promote loss of hepatic steatosis. Here, the
investigators will determine how differences in dietary composition affect the development
and regression of fatty liver. The investigators hypothesize that Hispanic subjects with
metabolic syndrome will have higher liver fat synthesis rates compared to African American
subjects.
Using detailed in vivo, serial measurements of fuel metabolism (GC/MS and NMR) fatty acid
metabolism will be measured in the liver and periphery. This will be the first study in which
these two methodologies are used together to assess both glucose and fatty acid metabolism in
the same subjects. Subjects will be tested before and after a dietary weight-loss
intervention producing 6% body weight loss over 5 months.
The specific aims are as follows:
AIM 1: Determine the contribution of peripheral and dietary fat to liver-TG in Hispanics and
African Americans with metabolic syndrome.
Hypothesis: De novo lipogenesis will contribute to liver-TG in greater quantities compared to
African Americans.
AIM 2: Determine the effects of low-CHO and low-fat diets on liver fat regression.
Hypothesis: Compared to a low-fat diet, a low-CHO diet will markedly decrease markers of
inflammation coincident with greater improvements in insulin sensitivity as assessed by an
intravenous glucose tolerance test.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Elevated serum ALT or metabolic syndrome
- African American or Hispanic
- Nondiabetic
- Men or women
- Smokers and nonsmokers
- Pre- and post-menopausal (+/- HRT)
- Stable body weight
- Age 20-65 years
- BMI between 25-45 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria:
- Diabetes or Pregnancy
- Ethanol intake: males > 140 g/week, females > 70 g/week
- Chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C
- Hemochromatosis or Wilson's Disease
- Autoimmune hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis
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