Role of Sweetness in Glucose Regulation
| Status: | Not yet recruiting |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Obesity Weight Loss |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 21 - 40 |
| Updated: | 2/20/2019 |
| Start Date: | February 25, 2019 |
| End Date: | December 31, 2021 |
| Contact: | Marta Y Pepino, PhD |
| Email: | ypepino@illinois.edu |
| Phone: | (217) 300-2374 |
Role of Sweet Taste Signaling in Glucose Regulation
Data from several studies show that consuming a diet high in low-calorie sweeteners (LCS),
mainly in diet sodas, is linked to the same metabolic disorders as consuming a diet high in
added sugars, including an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Sweet taste
receptors, once thought to be unique to the mouth, have now been discovered in other parts of
the body, including the intestine and the pancreas, where they play a role in blood sugar
control. These newly identified receptors provide new avenues to explore how LCS may affect
metabolism and health. This project is designed to examine the role of sweet taste signaling,
both in the mouth and in the gut, on blood sugar control and how habitual consumption of LCS
may affect sweet taste signaling and metabolism in people with obesity.
mainly in diet sodas, is linked to the same metabolic disorders as consuming a diet high in
added sugars, including an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Sweet taste
receptors, once thought to be unique to the mouth, have now been discovered in other parts of
the body, including the intestine and the pancreas, where they play a role in blood sugar
control. These newly identified receptors provide new avenues to explore how LCS may affect
metabolism and health. This project is designed to examine the role of sweet taste signaling,
both in the mouth and in the gut, on blood sugar control and how habitual consumption of LCS
may affect sweet taste signaling and metabolism in people with obesity.
The overall goal of this research is to assess the role of oral and gut sweetness signaling
in postprandial glucose metabolism and to determine how acute and chronic low-calorie
sweetener (LCS) consumption may affect this signaling in people with obesity. The aims will
determine the independent and combined contributions of pharmacological inhibition (Aim 1) or
extra stimulation (Aim 2) of sweet taste signaling in the gut, mouth, or both on hormonal
responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two groups of subjects with obesity:
habitual and non-habitual LCS consumers. Validated sensory evaluation techniques will also
ascertain subjects' taste perception (Aim 3) to test the hypotheses that habitual consumption
of LCS blunts perception of sweetness and, in turn, affects postprandial glucose regulation.
in postprandial glucose metabolism and to determine how acute and chronic low-calorie
sweetener (LCS) consumption may affect this signaling in people with obesity. The aims will
determine the independent and combined contributions of pharmacological inhibition (Aim 1) or
extra stimulation (Aim 2) of sweet taste signaling in the gut, mouth, or both on hormonal
responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two groups of subjects with obesity:
habitual and non-habitual LCS consumers. Validated sensory evaluation techniques will also
ascertain subjects' taste perception (Aim 3) to test the hypotheses that habitual consumption
of LCS blunts perception of sweetness and, in turn, affects postprandial glucose regulation.
Inclusion Criteria:
- All races/ethnicities
- Habitual (> 5 diet sodas per week) and non-habitual (≤1 diet soda or 1 packet of LCS
per week) LCS consumers
- 30 ≤ BMI <40 kg/m2
- Not severely insulin resistant (HOMA-IR2 < 2.6)
Exclusion Criteria:
- BMI < 30 and 40< BMI kg/m2
- HOMA-IR2>2.6
- Irregular LCS consumers (>1 diet sodas or packets of LCS per week but <5)
- Current smokers or quit smoking nicotine cigarettes for less than 6 months ago
- Pregnant, breastfeeding, menopausal
- Presence of anemia : <12g/dl for women and <13g/dl for men
- Blood donation in the past 8 weeks
- Presence of malabsorption syndrome
- History of bariatric surgery
- Presence of inflammatory intestinal disease, liver or kidney disease
- Have diabetes (fasting glucose level >126mg/dl or plasma glucose level 2h after
glucose challenge >200 mg/dl)
- Taking any medication that might affect glucose metabolism or the results of our study
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