Effects of Severe Negative Energy Balance on Inflammation
| Status: | Recruiting |
|---|---|
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 39 |
| Updated: | 2/24/2019 |
| Start Date: | February 13, 2019 |
| End Date: | December 30, 2020 |
| Contact: | Military Nutrition Division, USARIEM |
| Email: | stefan.m.pasiakos.civ@mail.mil |
| Phone: | 508-233-6474 |
Effects of Severe Negative Energy Balance on Inflammation During a Simulated Military Operation
The effects of prolonged negative energy balance, commonly observed in sustained military
training and combat operations, on systemic inflammatory responses has not been determined.
To define the putative role of energy balance on inflammation and its downstream effects, we
will conduct a controlled laboratory study that simulates extensive physiological stressors
to determine if inflammation is exacerbated by underfeeding. This design will test the
hypothesis that maintaining energy balance will attenuate systemic inflammation and its
potential negative effects on whole-body metabolic homeostasis in response to physiological
stressors.
training and combat operations, on systemic inflammatory responses has not been determined.
To define the putative role of energy balance on inflammation and its downstream effects, we
will conduct a controlled laboratory study that simulates extensive physiological stressors
to determine if inflammation is exacerbated by underfeeding. This design will test the
hypothesis that maintaining energy balance will attenuate systemic inflammation and its
potential negative effects on whole-body metabolic homeostasis in response to physiological
stressors.
Endurance exercise elicits skeletal muscle and systemic inflammation. Inflammation in
response to endurance exercise is normally attenuated with adequate rest and recovery as
skeletal muscle adapts with training. However, performing repeated bouts of prolonged and
unaccustomed, muscle damaging (i.e., eccentric loading) endurance exercise may be detrimental
to performance and limit the adaptive responses to exercise by diminishing the absorption of
key nutrients. Warfighters are commonly exposed to such exercise bouts during sustained
training and combat operations, the effects of which may be exacerbated by negative energy
balance. Therefore, to define the putative role of energy balance on systemic inflammation,
we will conduct a controlled laboratory study that simulates the physiological stressors
imposed during sustained military training and combat operations to determine if systemic
inflammation is exacerbated by underfeeding.
Twenty-six male, non-obese (body mass index 19.9-29.9 kg/m2), physically active adults will
be recruited to participate in a 32 d, longitudinal study. The study is comprised of four
sequential phases: 1) a 96 h testing period, 2) a 7 day recovery period (Recovery 1), 3) a
second, 96 h testing period, and 4) a 14 d recovery period (Recovery 2). During testing,
subjects will be randomized to consume either sufficient food (combat rations) to maintain
energy balance or will be provided a restricted amount of food to elicit severe negative
energy balance. Mineral absorption studies and will be conducted during each testing
condition, energy balance and energy negative balance. This design will test the hypothesis
that maintaining energy balance will attenuate systemic inflammation and its potential
negative effects on whole-body metabolic homeostasis in response to physiological stressors.
response to endurance exercise is normally attenuated with adequate rest and recovery as
skeletal muscle adapts with training. However, performing repeated bouts of prolonged and
unaccustomed, muscle damaging (i.e., eccentric loading) endurance exercise may be detrimental
to performance and limit the adaptive responses to exercise by diminishing the absorption of
key nutrients. Warfighters are commonly exposed to such exercise bouts during sustained
training and combat operations, the effects of which may be exacerbated by negative energy
balance. Therefore, to define the putative role of energy balance on systemic inflammation,
we will conduct a controlled laboratory study that simulates the physiological stressors
imposed during sustained military training and combat operations to determine if systemic
inflammation is exacerbated by underfeeding.
Twenty-six male, non-obese (body mass index 19.9-29.9 kg/m2), physically active adults will
be recruited to participate in a 32 d, longitudinal study. The study is comprised of four
sequential phases: 1) a 96 h testing period, 2) a 7 day recovery period (Recovery 1), 3) a
second, 96 h testing period, and 4) a 14 d recovery period (Recovery 2). During testing,
subjects will be randomized to consume either sufficient food (combat rations) to maintain
energy balance or will be provided a restricted amount of food to elicit severe negative
energy balance. Mineral absorption studies and will be conducted during each testing
condition, energy balance and energy negative balance. This design will test the hypothesis
that maintaining energy balance will attenuate systemic inflammation and its potential
negative effects on whole-body metabolic homeostasis in response to physiological stressors.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Men who are active duty military, aged 18 - 39 years
- Weight stable in the past 2 months (± 2.27 kg)
- Healthy without evidence of chronic illness, medication use, or musculoskeletal injury
as determined by the USARIEM Office of Medical Support and Oversight (OMSO)
- Recreationally active (2-4 days per week aerobic and/or resistance exercise)
- Refrain from taking any pain-relievers (e.g., acetaminophen), nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin, Advil®, Aleve®, Naprosyn®), or any other
aspirin-containing product for 10 days before starting and at least 5 days after
completing the study
- Refrain from the use of alcohol and nicotine for the duration of the study
- Willing to refrain from alcohol, smoking any nicotine product (includes e-cigarettes),
vaping, chewing tobacco, caffeine, and dietary supplement use, and from consumption of
probiotic-containing foods (e.g., yogurt) throughout the entire study period
(vitamin/mineral supplements cannot be taken for at least 2 weeks before starting the
study)
- Supervisor approval for non-HRV Active Duty Military working within the US Army Natick
Soldier Systems Center
- Reports having a bowel movement at least as frequently as every-other-day
Exclusion Criteria:
- Musculoskeletal injuries that compromise exercise capability
- Metabolic or cardiovascular abnormalities (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, etc.)
- History of any disease or abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract including (but not
limited to) diverticulosis, diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease, peptic
ulcer disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis; or previous gastrointestinal
surgery
- Anemic (plasma ferritin < 40 µg/L, hemoglobin < 13 g/dL) and Sickle Cell Anemia/Trait
- C-reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg/dL
- Abnormal PT/PTT test or problems with blood clotting
- History of complications with lidocaine
- Evidence of any physical, mental, and/or medical conditions that would make the
proposed studies relatively more hazardous as determined by OMSO
- Present condition of alcoholism or other substance abuse issues; use of anabolic
steroids
- Blood donation within 4 months of beginning the study
- Oral antibiotic use within 3 months of participation
- Colonoscopy within 3 months of participation
- Use of laxatives, stool softeners, or anti-diarrheal medications more than once/month
- Currently using benzodiazepines, anti-depressants or anti-histamines
- Pacemaker or other implanted electronic medical device
- Are unwilling or unable to eat study diets and foods provided and/or follow exercise
prescriptions
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Natick, Massachusetts 01760
Phone: 508-233-6474
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