Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) to Prevent Neonatal Infection

Although survival rates for very-low-birth-weight infants (≤ 1.5 kg) continue to increase,
nosocomial infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prolonged
hospitalization with exposure to resistant organisms and multiple invasive procedures, in the
presence of immunologic immaturity, renders these infants vulnerable to hospital-acquired
infections. Prior studies testing the ability of intravenous immune globulin to prevent
nosocomial infections in premature infants have varied in design and sample size. Despite
differences in the rates of observed infection, immune globulin preparations, doses, and
infusion intervals, a meta-analysis of published reports suggests that nosocomial infections
may be diminished by the prophylactic infusion of IgG.

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research
Network therefore performed a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial at eight
participating centers to test the hypothesis that the intravenous administration of immune
globulin to infants with birth weights between 501 and 1500g would reduce the incidence of
nosocomial infections.

Patients were randomly assigned to an intravenous immune globulin group or a control group.
During phase 1 the control infants received infusions of placebo. During phase 2 the control
infants received no infusion therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

- All neonates with birth weights of 501 to 1500 g

Exclusion Criteria:

- More than 72 hours old

- One of three or more fetuses from a multiple pregnancy

- Had infections associated with toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes
simplex viruses (the TORCH complex)

- Has a major congenital malformation, an identifiable syndrome, or a chromosomal
abnormality

- Were considered nonviable

- Parental consent could not be obtained