Gut Microbiome Modulation to Enable Efficacy of Checkpoint-based Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

- Histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Histologies other than
adenocarcinoma, or any mixed histologies, will NOT be eligible. *Note: histology must
be confirmed prior to study treatment, however, participants may be consented to study
based on imaging results consistent with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and then undergo
diagnostic and research biopsy simultaneously.

- Clinical stage I and II disease (per AJCC 8th ed)

- Resectable pancreatic cancer as defined by NCCN Guidelines 1.2018 and based on
pancreatic protocol dual-phase CT imaging. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT)
angiography, performed by acquiring thin, preferably sub-millimeter, axial sections
using a dual-phase pancreatic protocol, with images obtained in the pancreatic and
portal venous phase of contrast enhancement, is required.

- No arterial tumor contact (celiac axis [CA], superior mesenteric artery [SMA], or
common hepatic artery [CHA])

- No tumor contact with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) or portal vein (PV) or ≤180°
contact without vein contour irregularity

- Patients must agree to pre-treatment biopsy and definitive surgical resection

- ECOG performance status of 0 or 1

- No prior treatment for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

- Normal organ and marrow function

- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1500/µL

- Platelets ≥100 000/µL

- Hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL or ≥5.6 mmol/La

- Renal Creatinine OR Measured or calculated by creatinine clearance (GFR can also be
used in place of creatinine or CrCl) ≤1.5 × ULN OR

≥30 mL/min for participant with creatinine levels >1.5 × institutional ULN

- Hepatic Total bilirubin ≤1.5 ×ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ULN for participants with total
bilirubin levels >1.5 × ULN

- AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤2.5 × ULN

- Coagulation International normalized ratio (INR) OR prothrombin time (PT)

- Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤1.5 × ULN unless participant is
receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or aPTT is within therapeutic range of
intended use of anticoagulants

- ALT (SGPT)=alanine aminotransferase (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase); AST
(SGOT)=aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase);
GFR=glomerular filtration rate; ULN=upper limit of normal.

- Criteria must be met without erythropoietin dependency and without packed red blood
cell (pRBC) transfusion within last 2 weeks.

- Creatinine clearance (CrCl) should be calculated per institutional standard. Note:
This table includes eligibility-defining laboratory value requirements for treatment;
laboratory value requirements should be adapted according to local regulations and
guidelines for the administration of specific chemotherapies.

- Ability to understand and sign a written informed consent document. Participant must
have willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plans,
laboratory tests and other study procedures.

- A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant (see Appendix
1), not breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies:

- Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) as defined in Appendix 1 OR

- A WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance in Appendix 1 during the
treatment period and for at least 120 days plus 30 days (a menstruation cycle) after
the last dose of study treatment.

- Males who are sexually active with WOCBP must agree to follow instructions for
method(s) of contraception (see Appendix 1) for the duration of treatment with study
treatment(s) and for a total of 180 days posttreatment completion. In addition, male
participants must be willing to refrain from sperm donation during this time.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Borderline resectable, locally advanced or distant metastatic disease

- Any medical condition which makes definitive surgical resection of the pancreatic
cancer contraindicated due to high risk of morbidity/mortality

- Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years
(ie, with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive
drugs). Replacement therapy (eg, thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid
replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form
of systemic treatment.

4. Medical history and concurrent disease as below:

• Participants with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either
corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive
medications within 14 days of study treatment administration except for adrenal
replacement steroid doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent in the absence of active
autoimmune disease.

Note: Treatment with a short course of steroids (< 5 days) up to 7 days prior to initiating
study treatment is permitted. Participants with asthma that require intermittent use
intermittent use of bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, or local steroid injections would
not be excluded from the study.

- Interstitial lung disease that is symptomatic or may interfere with the detection or
management of suspected treatment-related pulmonary toxicity.

- Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease including, but not limited to, any
of the following:

- Myocardial infarction or stroke/transient ischemic attack within the past 6
months

- Uncontrolled angina within the past 3 months

- Any history of clinically significant arrhythmias (such as ventricular
tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or torsades de pointes)

- History of other clinically significant heart disease (eg, cardiomyopathy,
congestive heart failure with New York Heart Association functional
classification III to IV, pericarditis, significant pericardial effusion, or
myocarditis)

- Cardiovascular disease-related requirement for daily supplemental oxygen therapy.

- Evidence of uncontrolled, active infection, requiring parenteral or oral
anti-bacterial, anti-viral or anti-fungal therapy ≤ 28 days prior to screening on
study.

- Participants with a condition requiring chronic systemic oral treatment with either
antibiotics or anti-fungals

- Any uncontrolled inflammatory GI disease including Crohn's Disease and ulcerative
colitis.

- Participants with active, known, or suspected autoimmune disease. Participants
with vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, residual hypothyroidism due to
autoimmune condition only requiring hormone replacement, euthyroid participants
with a history of Grave's disease (participants with suspected autoimmune thyroid
disorders must be negative for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies
and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin prior to first dose of study treatment),
psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur
in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll after discussing
with the Principal Investigator.

- Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following:
measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies,
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines
for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however,
intranasal influenza vaccines (eg, FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines and are
not allowed. *Note: for those participants who will be undergoing planned
splenectomy, vaccinations against S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae
type b and influenza virus should be administered at least 2 weeks after the
surgical intervention.

- Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), known active hepatitis A, or known
hepatitis B or C infection.

- History of acute diverticulitis within the last 6 months or current chronic
diarrhea

- Expected to require any other form of antineoplastic or surgical therapy while on
study

- Pregnant or lactating women

- A WOCBP who has a positive urine pregnancy test within 72 hours or no pregnancy
test prior to registration (see Appendix 1). If the urine test is positive or
cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.

Note: in the event that >72 hours have elapsed between the screening pregnancy test and the
first dose of study treatment, another pregnancy test (urine or serum) must be performed
and must be negative in order for subject to start receiving study medication.

- WOCBP who are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method to minimize the risk of
pregnancy (see Appendix 1) for the entire study period and 120 days plus 30 days (a
menstruation cycle) after the last dose of study treatment. WOCBP who are continuously
not heterosexually active are also exempt from contraceptive requirements, but still
must undergo pregnancy testing as described in section 20.

- Sexually active fertile men not using effective birth control if their partners are
WOCBP

- History of primary immunodeficiency

- Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current
pneumonitis.

- History of organ allograft or allogeneic bone marrow transplant.

- Any prior radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or biologic ('targeted') therapy for
treatment of the patient's pancreatic tumor. Biliary stent is allowed.

- Treatment for other invasive carcinomas within the last two years who are at greater
than 5% risk of recurrence at time of eligibility screening. Carcinoma in-situ and
basal cell carcinoma/ squamous cell carcinoma of the skin are allowed.

- Participation in any investigational drug study within 4 weeks preceding the start of
study treatment.

- Major surgery, excluding laparoscopy, within 4 weeks of the start of study treatment,
without complete recovery.

- History of allergy to study treatments or any of its components